Rio gets a lot of bad international press about violence with the high crime rate and balas perdidas (stray bullets) - but don't let this stop you from coming. Travellers to Rio have as much chance of getting mugged as in any other big city, so the same precautions apply here. If you travel sensibly when visiting the city, you will probably suffer nothing worse than a few bad hangovers. All the same, theft is not uncommon, and you should do what you can to minimize the risks of getting robbed.

Buses are well-known targets for thieves. Avoid taking them after dark, and keep an eye out while you're on them. Take taxis at night to avoid walking along empty streets and beaches. That holds especially true for Centro, which becomes deserted in the evening and on weekends, and is better explored during the week.

Copacabana and Ipanema beaches are safer than others, owing to a police presence there, but don't get complacent. Don't take anything of value to the beach, and always stay alert - especially during holidays when the sands get fearfully crowded. Late at night, don't walk on the beach - stay on the sidewalk - and if you're in Copacabana, it's better to keep to the hotel side of Av Atlântica rather than the beach side.

Get in the habit of carrying only the money you'll need for the day, so you don't have to flash a wad when you pay for things. Cameras and backpacks also attract a lot of attention. Consider using disposable cameras while you're in town; plastic shopping bags also nicely disguise whatever you're carrying. Maracanã football stadium is worth a visit, but take only spending money for the day and avoid the crowded sections.

Don't wander into the favelas at any time, unless you have a knowledgeable guide. Beaches are the most common places for robbery. A common beach scam is for one thief to approach you from one side and ask you for a light or the time. While you're distracted, the thief's partner grabs your gear from the other side. If you have the misfortune of being mugged, hand over the goods. Thieves in the city are only too willing to use their weapons if given provocation.